Losing our Linden (Basswood or Tilia Americana)

The linden, in the fervors of July,
Hums with a louder concert. When the wind
Sweeps the broad forest in its summer prime,
As when some master-hand exulting sweeps
The keys of some great organ, ye give forth
The music of the woodland depths, a hymn
Of gladness and of thanks.

William Cullen Bryant

It has been providing shade here for 90 to 100 years, our neighbor Bill Dudrow says.  About 20 years ago a large section fell on the deck, but after having it trimmed (actually major surgery) we were told it was healthy although somewhat deformed.  Then this summer we noticed a large area of decay developing.  The tree  man came out yesterday and told us the old damaged trunk was splitting and that was the cause of the decay at the bottom.  It will have to come down.  Sigh.

  

The Linden range extends from New Brunswick south to Georgia, and west to Nebraska and Texas.  It is a soft wood, and I hear it's good for carving and cabinets. It has heart shaped leaves and early in the summer develops clusters of blossom-buds in greenish-yellow, which bees love, and the deck requires constant sweeping.

Information from "Our Trees: How to know them" by Arthur I. Emerson. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 5th ed., 1936.  

Big storm June 10

Lots of excitement the evening of June 10. We must have had 50 golf carts stop by to look. Our street was the hardest hit and 2 beautiful trees were lost. Dorothy Crutchfield’s cottage. We lost power and the internet, but by noon on the 11th we were back in business.  Yes, not one was hurt and no cars were crushed, but replacing 100 year old trees won’t be easy.

Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm, the chinkapin oak.

"Chinkapin oak  (also called Chinquapin) is usually found on warm, moist Udalf Alfisols, Dystrochrept Inceptisols, Udoll Mollisols, and Udult Ultisols over much of its range.  In the extreme southwestern part of the range chinkapin oak also grows on warm, dry Ustoll Mollisols and Astalf Alfisols."  I have no idea what those soils are, but the only  place I've ever seen these trees is Lakeside, Ohio. They have a wide range in northern and Midwestern United States.

The tree's scientific name honors Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst Muhlenberg (1753–1815), a Lutheran pastor and amateur botanist in Pennsylvania. He was the son of a German Lutheran missionary Henry Melchior Muhlenberg. In publishing the name Quercus mühlenbergii, German-American botanist George Engelmann mistakenly used an umlaut in spelling Muhlenberg's name, even though Pennsylvania-born Muhlenberg himself did not use an umlaut in his name. (Wikipedia)

There's a very large one on the corner of Third and Walnut, next to Hoover Auditorium, but at Third and Oak I can see 8-10 of them.  Very tall and shady. Our soil is rocky and the roots shallow and spread, so when they fall in a big wind, it is incredible.

Two large silver maples lost in one week

It’s been a bad week for silver maples at Lakeside.  The one on the lakefront was rotten inside, and the one at Second and Peach had a wide but not deep root system.

This home was a classic Dutch Colonial style, with mansard roof.  Air conditioner in the bedroom window  was still running when I walked past on Sunday morning. The tree appeared to be held up by the bark.

The angle at which it fell missed the house and little porch in the front.  Hollyhocks still blooming.  It fell Thursday evening during a storm. Also missed the house across the street.

The root system was very broad, but not deep.  Seemed to be on solid rock.

Ohio State Receives $1.4 M Grant for Development of Resistant Ash Tree

Although it's too late for the lovely graceful ash trees we have now on our condo grounds and the grounds at Lakeside, Ohio, this is indeed good news--if it works. Can't be too soon. . .

Scientists with Ohio State University's Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC) have received a three-year, $1.4 million grant to continue their groundbreaking work toward the development of a tree that can be used for preservation of ash in natural and urban forests. The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA-APHIS) provided the funds.

Ohio State Receives $1.4 M Grant for Development of Resistant Ash Tree — Ohio State University Extension

The Norway Maple

In the beginning God. . . made dioxobilane

"Bernhard Kräutler and colleagues at the University of Innsbruck, in Austria, have discovered a new chlorophyll decomposition product in autumn leaves of the Norway maples. The new structure hints at a decomposition pathway dissimilar to that observed in other deciduous trees. "Essential pieces of the puzzle of this biological phenomenon have been solved only within the last two decades," explains Kräutler but he and his colleagues found none of the typical breakdown products in yellow-green or yellow Norway maple leaves. The main product was a dioxobilane, which looks more like a chlorophyll breakdown product from barley leaves or even bile pigments formed by heme breakdown." The Alchemist, The ChemWeb Newsletter

The dying young maple tree

This morning on my walk along the lakefront at sunrise, I stopped at a memorial tree, about 15 ft tall, dedicated to a young man who had died at age 20, over 20 years ago. Those types of memorial plaques are sad to read and I always think of the parents and siblings, who may still note the special days. "This year he would be 41," or "I wonder if he'd be married and bringing his children to Lakeside."

Unfortunately, the tree was dying too. I think it is a combination of our dry weather this summer, and over mulching. It had the "volcano" mulch style instead of the donut hole, so what little natural watering we've had through rain couldn't get to the roots. This tree still needed gallons and gallons of water each day to survive. It was born and bred in a nursery, not particularly hardy like the "volunteers" I see growing up through the boulders that were brought in to protect the shoreline.

Last Friday classmates from my high school graduation class gathered on the campus (the college closed in 1932, but it is still called the campus) to dedicate a tree to memorialize our deceased class members and friends. Over the years, many of the trees have died, and last summer a terrible wind storm took down many. A few words were spoken about each person and an original poem written for the occasion was read. What a nice idea. I hope to have some photos soon to put on the class blog.

Volcano mulching--how to kill a tree

Here at Lakeside we have a number of "healthy living" activities and organizations, from our now twice weekly locally grown farmers' market, to a no-smoking ordinance to recycling, to tree walks, bird watching events, early a.m. exercise class, posted activities for joggers in the park land at the south end, and health and wellness week. At one of the lectures sponsored by LESS (Lakeside Environment Something? Something?) I learned about the care and preservation of our trees, many of which are invasive, like the Norway Maple, some with Emerald Ash Borer, and many over 100 years old. It's there I first heard about "volcano mulching," or piling mulch so deep around a young tree, that you eventually kill it with your kindness and concern.

1. Don't fall into the trap of the dreaded "mulch volcano," especially with young trees.

You've probably seen mulch volcanoes on people's lawns. Folks build circular raised beds around their trees, then fill the raised beds with wood-chip mulch. The mulch gets steeper and steeper the closer it gets to the tree, which shoots out of the hole at the end like a lava eruption! In a typical mulch volcano, the mulch may be 2" high at the perimeter and 6" high up close to the trunk.

There are several problems with mulch volcanoes:
Water runs off the sides of the mulch volcano and away from a young tree's base (which is where all its roots are, for now), thus depriving it of water.

6" of mulch is too deep. Much water that would otherwise reach the tree's roots gets trapped in the mulch.

Excessive tree mulching invites rodent pests and diseases.
Excessive tree mulching can even suffocate roots.

2. Don't mound up dirt or mulch around the trunks of trees.

Piling up mulch against tree trunks can cause harm to your trees: it invites diseases and rodent pests. If you are mulching around a tree, start tapering the height of the mulch down when you get to within about 1' of the trunk, leaving the base of the tree free of mulch. It would even be better to have to weed this 1' than to risk damage to your tree, wouldn't it? About landscaping

Every year there are more and more rules at Lakeside--most positive and for the good of the larger community; barking dogs; hours construction can take place; proper disposal of plastic, paper and metal; building codes for cottages; coverage of buildings on lots; number of parking places required for each cottage; no smoking; no alcohol; no parking on certain streets; quiet zones after 10 p.m.; and so on.

So I am very puzzled that if volcano mulching is known to be harmful to trees, why the Association can't explain that to its landscaping crew, because almost every young tree I see (usually a memoral plaque near-by) has heaps of mulch that will eventually cause the roots to girdle, or rodents to chew, or bark to rot. This would seem to be easier to control than calories, exercise or smoking.



Our speaker on tree care told us to think do-nut instead of volcano.

The rule is simple. Never let mulch around the base of a small tree touch the bark of the tree. The circle of mulch can be three to four inches deep, but in the middle of the circle the trunk is kept bare. The mulch layer should start about 6 inches from the trunk. We want doughnuts not mountains.

This is not new information. It has been general knowledge among reputable tree care professionals for 25 years. The tree care companies that make mulch mountains are just plain ignorant and apparently don’t spend much effort to learn the right methods for mulching small trees. Homeowners see these mulch mountains and figure if the professionals make mulch mountains, maybe I should do the same. The Yardner

Treating the Emerald Ash Borer

Emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, is an exotic beetle that was discovered in southeastern Michigan near Detroit in the summer of 2002. It's now in Ohio and most of the midwest and lower Canada. It's not a pretty picture. We have some here in Lakeside. I was watching the tree trimmers work on a tree that was damaged in the storm late in June--and either they are leaving a 50 ft. tall stump, or they are hoping there will be new growth.

I attended a program on Lakeside's trees about two weeks ago, and heard there is a treatment for this pest. It reminds me of Obama's stimulus plan. It costs way more than anyone can afford, lasts only a short time, and then you are left with a sick, damaged, but alive tree, which is why most states and municipalities are choosing not to treat, but to start over with another type of tree.

The trees are preparing for a long sleep

From a review of Republic of Shade by Thomas J. Campanella, Yale University Press, 2003 which includes the following:

"In typological terms, trees in Scripture act like giant words, expressing not only the general glory of God but also more specific themes. Both trees and saints come out of the ground. Both grow on riverbanks (Ps. 1) and bring food and medicine to the world; "their fruit will be for food and their leaves for healing" (Ez. 47:12; cf. Rev. 22:2). Jotham preached "the trees once went forth to anoint a king over them," and the blind man healed began to see men as trees walking. Trees are images of humans, and they reflect our own fruitfulness, hubris, and decay.

Lakeside, OH, October 2007
And God manifests himself at trees—"arboreal theophanies," [James] Jordan says—like those in Eden and in front of Moses but also in the careful wood of the Tabernacle and Temple, which create grand images of God's people gathered around him. The entire Davidic line is pictured as a tree, a root, a stump, a branch (Is. 42; 6:13; 11:10) that ultimately develops into Christ, the vine, the tree of life, executed on a tree, having threatened fire to "every tree which does not bear good fruit" (Mt. 3:10). Christ Himself doesn't hesitate to urge us to read trees wisely: "Now learn this parable from the fig tree" (Mt. 24:32).

Our condo yard today
Learn from the tree? Why does that directive not show up regularly in seminary hermeneutics courses? We go to great pains to teach seminary students about exegeting Scripture and secret Foucauldian power structures, but we leave them largely clueless about exegeting nature." Douglas Jones, Reviewer

OSU golf course maple

3716

Global warming, wind, wet ground and change

If it hadn't warmed up in Ohio several thousands of years ago melting our ice cap*, we wouldn't have this old tree to mourn. I don't know how old it is--maybe 75-100. The rain fell, the winds blew and it toppled over. We're grateful for its life and service in making this world a more beautiful place.






*North America ice sheet was 3500 to 4000 m thick over Ontario covered the continent to as far south as St. Louis, 500 m thick over central Ohio. Climate change