Family support vs. public policy

JD Vance ponders at the close of his book, "Hillbilly Elegy," whether there is a public policy that can correct/assist/compensate for his disastrous, difficult childhood. Why did he make it from the socioeconomic "hillybilly" bottom rung of the culture to the top--high school, university, Yale, law career, good marriage, high income--when so many don't?

He attributes a great deal of his success to his grandparents (he took their surname as an adult) who were a stable presence, and even his mother with her drug problems, many husbands and revolving door of boyfriends instilled in him the importance of education and learning. His older sister always protected and advised him, several aunts and uncles opened their homes and loved him through the tough spots. Even when he didn't follow them, he had good role models. "I was often surrounded by caring and kind men. . . Remove any of these people from the equation, and I'm probably screwed."

But he also acknowleges the tough, hillbilly, working class culture as giving him and others he knew the strength to work out solutions when the main stream culture and elites were totally foreign to them. For instance, if he hadn't lied for his mother when he was 12, he could have gone into foster care, removing him from all the people who loved him and helped him succeed.

After a successful career in California, Vance has returned to Columbus (he's an OSU graduate) to start a non-profit to address some of the problems like job training, the opioid crisis in Ohio and the crumbling social structures. It is reported his next book is on the decline of community churches.
http://radio.wosu.org/post/hillbilly-elegy-author-jd-vance-back-ohio#stream/0

Belmont and Fishtown, fictional cities of Charles Murray

“To represent the classes at the two ends of the continuum, I give you two fictional neighborhoods that I hereby label Belmont (after an archetypal upper-middle-class suburb near Boston) and Fishtown (after a neighborhood in Philadelphia that has been white working class since the Revolution). To be assigned to Belmont, the people in my databases must have at least a bachelor’s degree and work as a manager, physician, attorney, engineer, architect, scientist, college professor, or in content-production jobs in the media. To be assigned to Fishtown, they must have no academic degree higher than a high school diploma. If they work, their job must be in a blue-collar, service, or low-level white-collar occupation.

Here’s what happened to the founding virtues in Belmont and Fishtown from 1960 to 2010:

The text covers marriage, industriousness, honesty, and religiosity.

http://www.aei.org/publication/belmont-fishtown/

In 1960 9% of the men in Fishtown were not in the labor force; by 2000 it was 30%.  But the unemployment rate was about the same.  The men just didn’t work.  They might get some cash under the table, or work minimally for awhile to qualify for benefits, but then would quit.

Combine men who don’t work with single women raising children, and things don’t look good for Fishtown. Low church attendance and very low civic involvement. Even the men whose income is above poverty level do not participate in the community to make it better and stronger.

Pathologizing the unfortunate and blaming the rest of us

Two stories were featured in the Columbus Dispatch August 27 article about the working poor not having health insurance, but both demonstrated the government insurance system for low income families is working--they do have health insurance--they don't have the employment they desire. But that's not the government's fault, it's not my fault, and in neither case, is it their fault. Getting a teaching degree isn't the same as getting a job in a market like Columbus, Ohio, loaded with colleges and plenty of teachers; getting diabetes may mean you chose the wrong parents.

One family has dual incomes, $80,000 in student debt, and 5 children, and therefore qualifies for Medicaid. The other is a single parent with a debilitating disease, who lost her job, and was given free medication until she qualified for assistance. In other words, the system, patchwork though it is, is working but it doesn't allow for the perks of a "middle class life style."

Four years ago, Gwen Brown, 31, and her husband were struggling to make ends meet while raising their five school-age children. Then she worked as a resource leader for the Girls Scouts and her husband worked as a barber.

She hoped her finances would improve after earning a bachelor's degree last May at Capital University. But with no full-time teaching position, she still qualifies for Medicaid for her children.

She owes $80,000 in student loans and wonders why she's still straddling the poverty line with a college degree.

"We did things to change our lives and nothing has changed," said Brown of the West Side. "That's where my frustration lies."

Last year Penny Self of Grove City, who has had diabetes for about 12 years, lost her job and health insurance. Free samples of her medication from her former doctor kept her healthy until she got Medicaid.

Even before Self lost her job at Sofa Express as a credit representative last year, she tried not to make too many doctors' office visits because she could barely afford the $25 co-payments on her company insurance, she said.

"Now if I get sick or if my son gets sick I don't have to struggle with the co-payments and I don't have to try to be a doctor at home when he is sick," said Self, 43.

The author of the article intended to write about Ohio's working poor without health insurance, but her examples were just the opposite.

What Michelle Obama's example says to women

Michelle Obama is about to become one of the most powerful women in the world, with more influence than Oprah and more scrutiny than Hillary. She has an education and a husband, and that is the key to unlock the poverty door for women with children, and not a single additional nanny state program is needed for that. There are hundreds of grants, loans and scholarships for college; and for marriage, just hold out for the right guy and start the family after you tie the knot. I know it's not Hollywood's way, and all the Hip-Hoppers flashing bling will tell them otherwise, but all the studies show it to be true. The more we try to offer women Uncle Sam as a step-father and sugar daddy, the more we keep them in poverty.

An education : In 2006, the working poor rate for Black women workers with less than a high school diploma was 28.9 percent, compared with 15.4 percent for Black men.

Among high school graduates (no college), the working-poor rate of Black women (15.3 percent) was higher than that for Black men—9.0 percent.

Among both White and Black college graduates, differences in the working poor rates of men and women essentially disappear.

A husband : Married-couple families, regardless of whether the husband or wife was the family member in the labor force, were those least likely to fall below the poverty level (7.5 percent).

By comparison, 12.0 percent of families maintained by men and 22.4 percent of families maintained by women were below the poverty level.

2007 Annual Social and Economic Supplement to the Current Population Survey (CPS).