236 Washington's Farewell Address

It is a tradition to read Washington's Farewell Address in the Senate Chamber, and in 2004 Senator John Breaux of Louisiana delivered the address. After the reading, Senator Breaux signed his name in the Washington Farewell Address Book. [This was all stated in the future tense at the government website, so I'm assuming it took place.]

It is a long address--35 pages in pdf text--because it was printed and published in newspapers, and not read aloud. There were no political parties then, but sectional interests were a big concern. Washington noted the following as important to political vitality and strength:

Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, religion and morality are indispensable supports. In vain would that man claim the tribute of patriotism who should labor to subvert these great pillars of human happiness, these firmest props of the duties of men and citizens.

The mere politician, equally with the pious man, ought to respect and to cherish them. A volume could not trace all their connections with private and public felicity. Let it simply be asked where is the security for property, for reputation, for life, if the sense of religious obligation desert the oaths, which are the instruments of investigation in courts of justice? And let us with caution indulge the supposition that morality can be maintained without religion. Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that national morality can prevail in exclusion of religious principle.

It is substantially true that virtue or morality is a necessary spring of popular government. The rule indeed extends with more or less force to every species of free government. Who that is a sincere friend to it can look with indifference upon attempts to shake the foundation of the fabric?

Promote then, as an object of primary importance, institutions for the general diffusion of knowledge. In proportion as the structure of a government gives force to public opinion, it is essential that public opinion should be enlightened.

WASHINGTON’S FAREWELL ADDRESS 19th September 1796